JAMES VI (of Scotland) & I (of England) (the first of the HOUSE OF STUART), King Scotland & England, born at Edinburgh Castle, 19 June, 1566, Duke of Rothesay and Heir-apparent to Scotland at birth, succeeded his mother, Mary I, as James VI, King of Scotland, 24 July, 1567, Crowned 29 July following, succeeded his grandmother's first cousin, Elizabeth I, as King of England and Ireland, 24 March, 1603, as JAMES I, and was so crowned 25 July, 1603, married at Upsala, 21 Nov. 1589, Anne (born at Scanderborg, 14 Oct. 1574, died at Hampton Court, 2 March, 1618-19, buried at Westminster Abbey), daughter of Frederick II, King of Denmark and Norway, and had issue,

1a Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, born 19 Feb. 1593-4, died v p unm 6 Nov. 1612.

2a CHARLES I, afterwards King.

3a Robert, Duke of Kintyre, born 18 Feb. 1601-2, died 27 May, 1602.

1a Elizabeth, born19 Aug. 1596, married 14 Feb. 1613, Frederick V, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector, King of Bohemia, K.G. (died 20 Nov. 1632), and died 13 Feb. 1662, having had issue, eight sons and five daughters, of whom,

1b Henry Frederick, King of Bohemia, born 1 Jan. 1614, died v p 7 Jan. 1628.

2b Charles Lewis, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Elector, K.G., born 12 Dec. 1617, married 12-22 Feb. 1650, Charlotte (died 26 March, 1686), daughter of William V, Landgrave of Hesse, and had issue, with two sons (both died without issue), a daughter,

1c Elizabeth Charlotte, born 17-27 May, 1652, married as his 2nd wife, 21 Nov. 1671, Philip, Duke of Orleans, and died 8 Dec. 1722, leaving issue (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD Vol. 1). He died 9 June, 1701.

3b Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Cumberland, K.G., born17 Dec. 1619, died unm29 Nov. 1682.

4b Maurice, Count Palatine of the Rhine, born 17 Dec. 1620, drowned, unmarried 10 March, 1654.

5b Edward, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Nevers, jure uxoris, K.G., born 6 Oct. 1624, married 24 April, 1645, Anne de Gonzaga (died 6 July, 1684), daughter and heiress of Charles II, Duke of Nevers, and died 10 March, 1663, leaving issue, three daughters

1b Louisa Hollandine, Abbess of Maubuisson, born 18 April, 1622, died 11 Feb. 1709.

2b Sophia, declared Heiress Presumptive to England, 6 March, 1701-2, born 13 Oct. 1630, married 30 Sept. 1658, Ernest Augustus, Duke of Brunswick and Luneburg, Duke of Hanover, Elector (died 23 Jan. 1698), (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD Vol. 1) and died 8 June, 1714, having had issue,

1c GEORGE LEWIS, afterwards King.

2c Frederick Augustus, born 3 Oct. 1661, killed in battle against the Turks, 30 Dec. 1690.

3c Maximillan William, Imperial Field Marshal, born 23 Dec. 1666, died 16 July, 1726.

4c Charles Philip, born13 Oct. 1669, killed in battle against the Turks, 1 Jan. 1690-1.

5c Christian, born 19 Sept. 1671, drowned in the Danube, fighting against the French, 31 July, 1703.

6c Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany, born 7 Sept. 1674, died unmarried 14 Aug. 1728.

1c Sophia Charlotte, born 20 Oct. 1668, married 6 Oct. 1684, Frederick I, King of Prussia, and died 21 Jan. 1705, leaving issue. He died 5 Feb. 1713.

2a Margaret, born 24 Dec. 1598, died March, 1600.

3a Mary, born 8 April, 1605, died 16 Dec. 1607.

4a Sophia, born 22, died 23 June, 1606.

James I died at Theobalds, Herts, 27 March, 1625 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded by his son,

CHARLES I, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, born at Dunfermline, 19 Nov. 1600, Duke of Albany, Marquis of Ormond, and Duke of York, 1604, Prince of Wales, and Earl of Chester, 1616, succeeded his father, James I and VI, as King, 27 March, 1625, crowned 2 Feb. 1626, married at Canterbury Cathedral, 11 May, 1625, Henrietta Maria (born at Le Louvre, Paris, 25 Nov. 1609, died at Chateau de Colombe, 10 Sept. 1669, buried at St. Denis), daughter of Henry IV, King of France (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD Vol. 1), and had issue,

1a Charles James, Duke of Cornwall, born and died 13 May, 1629.

2a CHARLES II, afterwards King.

3a JAMES II, afterwards King.

4a Henry, Duke of Gloucester, K.G., born 8 July, 1640, died unmarried 13 Sept. 1660.

1a Mary, Princess Royal, born 4 Nov. 1631, married 2 May, 1648, WILLIAM II, Prince of Orange (died 6 Nov. 1650), and died 24 Dec. 1660, (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD Vol. 1), leaving issue, an only son,

1b WILLIAM III Henry, afterwards King.

2a Elizabeth, born 29 Dec. 1635, died 8 Sept. 1650.

3a Anne, born 17 March, 1636-7, died 8 Dec. 1640.

4a Katharine, born 29 Jan. 1638-9, died the same day.

5a Henrietta Anne, born16 June, 1644, married. 31 March, 1661, as his 1st wife, Philip, Duke of Orleans (died 9 June, 1701), and died 30 June, 1670, having had, with other issue,

1b Anne Marie, born 27 Aug. 1669, married as his 1st wife, 10 April, 1684, Victor Amadeus II, Duke of Savoy, King of Sardinia, and died 26 Aug. 1728, leaving issue (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD, Vol. 1). He died 31 Oct. 1732.

Charles I was beheaded at Whitehall, 30 Jan. 1649 (bur at Windsor), and was succeeded by his son,

CHARLES II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, b at St. James's, 29 May, 1630, Prince of Wales, 1638, succeeded his father, Charles I, as King 30 Jan. 1649, obtained possession of the Crown, 29 May, 1660, crowned 23 April.1661, m at Portsmouth, 21 May 1662, Catherine, Infanta of Portugal (born at Lisbon, 25 Nov. 1638, died without issue. at Lisbon, 30 Nov. 1705, buried at Belem), daughter of JOHN IV, King of Portugal, (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD Vol. 1). He died without legitimate issue at Whitehall 6 Feb. 1685 (buried at Westminster Abbey) but left numerous illegitimate issue,

(By Lucy Walter or Barlow (1630-58))

1a James, Duke of Monmouth & Buccleuch, born 1649, married 1663 Anna Scott, daughter of Francis Earl of Buccleuch, and was beheaded 1685, leaving issue (see SCOTT, Dukes of Buccleuch & Queensberry).

(By Elizabeth Killigrew, Lady Shannon)

1a Charlotte, born circa 1650, married 1stly James Howard, grandson of Theophilus Howard, 2nd Earl of Suffolk, and had issue (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn., SUFFOLK & BERKSHIRE E.), and 2ndly 1672 William Paston, 2nd Earl of Yarmouth, and died 1684, leaving further issue (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages).

(By Catherine Pegge)

2a Charles FITZCHARLES, Earl of Plymouth, born circa 1657, married 1678 Bridget Osborne, daughter of Thomas, Duke of Leeds, and died without issue 1680 (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages).

2a Catherine FITZCHARLES, died young.

(By Barbara Villiers or Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine and Duchess of Cleveland (1641-1709) (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn, JERSEY, E).

3a Charles FITZROY, 1st Duke of Cleveland, born 1662, married 1stly 1671 Mary (died without issue 1680), daughter of Sir Henry Wood, Kt., married 2ndly 1694 Alice (died 1746), daughter of Sir William Pulteney, of Misterton, Lincs., and died 1730, leaving issue (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages).

4a Henry FITZROY, 1st Duke of Grafton, born 1663, married 1672 Isabella Bennett (died 1723), daughter of Henry, Earl of Arlington, and died 1690, leaving issue (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn.).

5a George FITZROY, Duke of Northumberland, born 1665, married 1stly 1685/6 Catherine (died without issue 1714), widow of Thomas Lucy, of Charlecote, and daughter of Robert Wheatley, of Bracknell, Berks., m 2ndly 1714/5 Mary (died 1738), daughter of Henry Dutton, and died without legitimate issue 1716 (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages).

3a Anne, born 1660-1, married 1674 Thomas Lennard, 1st Earl of Sussex, and died 1722, leaving issue (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn., HAMPDEN, V.).

4a Charlotte, born 1664, married 1677 Edward Henry Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield, and died 1716, leaving issue (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages).

(By Nell Gwyn (1650-87)

6a Charles BEAUCLERK, 1st Duke of St. Albans, KG, born 1670, married 1694 Diana de Vere (died. 1741/2), daughter of Aubrey, Earl of Oxford, and died 1726, leaving issue (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn.).

7a James BEAUCLERK, born 1671, died 1680 (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn.).

(By Louise-Renee de Penancoet de Keroualle, Duchess of Portsmouth (1649-1734))

8a Charles LENNOX, 1st Duke of Richmond, born 1672, married 1692/3 Anne Brudenell (died 1722), daughter of Francis Baron Brudenell, and died 1723, leaving issue (see GORDON-LENNOX, Dukes of Richmond & Gordon).

(By Moll or Mary Davis)

5a Mary Tudor, born 1673, married 1stly 1687 Edward Radcliffe, 2nd Earl of Derwentwater (died 1705), and had issue, 2ndly 1705 Henry Graham, of Levens, MP, who died 1706-7, and 3rdly 1707 James Rooke. She died 1726 (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages).

He was succeeded by his brother,

JAMES II, King of England, Scotland and Ireland, born at St. James's, 14 Oct. 1633, Duke of York, 1642, Earl of Ulster, 1659, succeeded his brother, Charles II, as James II, King of England and Ireland, and VII of Scotland, 6 Feb. 1685, crowned 23 April, 1685, married 1stly, at Breda, 24 Nov. 1659, and Worcester House, 3 Sept. 1660, Anne (born at Cranbourne Lodge, Windsor, 12 March, 1637, died St. James's Palace, 31 March, 1671, buried at West­minster Abbey), eldest daughter of Edward Hyde, 1st Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor of England (see BURKE’s Dormant & Extinct Peerages), and had issue,

1a Charles, Duke of Cambridge, born 22 Oct. 1660, died 5 May, 1661.

2a James, Duke of Cambridge, born 11 July, 1663, died 20 June, 1667.

3a Charles, Duke of Kendal. born 4 July, 1666, died 22 May, 1667.

4a Edgar, Duke of Cambridge, born 14 Sept. 1667, died 8 June, 1671.

1a MARY II, afterwards Queen.

2a ANNE, afterwards Queen.

3a Henrietta, born 13 Jan., died 15 Nov. 1669.

4a Catherine, born 9 Feb., died 5 Dec. 1671.

He married 2ndly (proxy), at Modena, 30 Sept. 1673, in person at Dover 21 Nov. 1673, Mary Beatrix Anne Margaret Isabella D'Este (born at Modena, 25 Sept. 1658, died at St. Germain, 8 May, 1718, buried at Chaillot), daughter of Alphonso IV, Duke of Modena, and by her had issue,

5a Charles, Duke of Cambridge, born 7 Nov., died 12 Dec. 1677.

6a JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD, Duke of Cornwall, Prince of Wales, proclaimed James III and VIII on the death of his father, 16 Sept.1701, by LOUIS XIV, King of France, and acknowledged as such by Spain and the Papacy, born 10 June, 1688, married. 28 May, 1719, Mary Clementina (died 30 Dec. 1735), daughter of Prince James Lewis Sobieski, son of John Sobieski, King of Poland, and died 1 Jan. 1766, leaving issue,

1b CHARLES EDWARD Louis Philip Casimir, privately acknowledged as CHARLES III, King of England, Scotland and Ireland on the death of his father, 1 Jan. 1766, but not publicly by France, Spain or the Papacy, born 31 Dec. 1720, married 17 April, 1772, Louisa Maximiliana, Princess of Stolberg-Gedern (died 29 Jan. 1824), eldest daughter of Gustavus Adolphus, Prince of Stolberg-Gedern, and died without legitimate issue 31 Jan. 1788. However, he left an illegitimate daughter (by Clementina Walkinshaw),

1c Charlotte, awarded by her father the title of Duchess of Albany, Act of Legitimation registered by the Parliament of Paris August 1784, baptised 29 Oct. 1753, died unmarried. 17 Nov. 1789, but (by Prince Ferdinand Maximilien de Rohan-Guemene, Archbishop of Cambrai, and Count of the Empire (1738-1813)), had three illegitimate children,

1d (Charles Edward) August Maximilien de Rohan-Stuart, more commonly known as Charles Edward Stuart, Count de Roehenstart, born 13 May 1784 in Paris, married 1stly circa 1819/20 Maria Antoinetta Sophia (Barbuoeni ?) (died without issue and buried 1821, aet 31), he married. 2ndly 13 Dec. 1826 Louisa Constance (died without issue 1853), daughter of Joseph Bourchier Smith, of Kidlington, Oxon, and died without issue 27 Oct. 1854.

1d Victorie-Adelaide, married 1stly circa 1804/6 Paul Anthony, Chevalier de Nikorowicz (died 1810), and had issue, married 2ndly 29 Nov. 1823 Capt. Corbet James d’Auvergne, RN (died 5 Feb. 1826, aged 60), and 3rdly Jean, Chevalier de Pauw. She died 27 April 1836.

2d Charlotte Maximilenne Amelie, born circa 1780/1 in Paris, married 20 July 1804 in Paris Jean Louis Lugie Cousin de la Morliere (died 20 Dec. 1846), and died without issue. 22 July 1807.

2b HENRY Benedict Mary Clement, Cardinal 1747, Bishop of Frascati, 1761, assumed the designation Henry IX, King of England, Scotland and Ireland on the death of his brother, 31 Jan. 1788, born 21 March, 1725, died 13 July, 1807, when the legitimate male line of the Royal House of Stuart became extinct. Upon his death, his rights as Stuart heir to the British Crown, descended to the great­-grandson of Anne Marie, Princess of Orleans (see above), namely, Charles Emanuel IV, King of Sardinia, Duke of Savoy, Jesuit (died without issue 6 Oct. 1819). Duke Albert of Bavaria is the present senior representative of this line (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD, Vol.1.).

5a Catherine Laura. born10 Jan. died 3 Oct. 1675.

6a Isabel, born 28 Aug. 1676, died 2 March, 1680-1.

7a Charlotte Maria, born 15 Aug., died 6 Oct. 1682,

8a Louisa Maria Teresa, born 18 June, 1692, died unmarried 18 April, 1712.

James II, also had several illegitimate children,

1a James FITZJAMES, 1st Duke of Berwick-upon-Tweed, created Duke of Liria and Xerica (Spain) in 1707, and Duke of FitzJames (France) in 1710, with special remainder to the issue of his 2nd wife, a Marshal of France 1706, born 21 Aug. 1670, married 1stly 26 March 1695 Honora de Burgh (died 1698), widow of Patrick Sarsfield, Earl of Lucan (in the Jacobite Peerage), daughter of William, Earl of Clanricarde, and had issue, he married. 2ndly 18 April 1700 Anne (died 12 June 1751), daughter of Hon. Henry Bulkeley, 4th son of Thomas, 1st Viscount Bulkeley, and had further issue. He was killed at the siege of Philippsburg 12 June 1734. The Duchy of FitzJames is now extinct but the Duke’s male line representative in Spain is the present Duke of Penaranda.

2a Henry FITZJAMES, created Duke of Albermarle, by his father King James 13 Jan. 1696, born Aug. 1673, married 20 July 1700 Marie Gabrielle (she married 2ndly 25 May 1707 John Drummond, 2nd Earl of Melfort (see DRUMMOND, Earls of Perth), and died 15 May 1741), only child of Jean D’Audibert, Count de Lussan, and died Dec. 1702, leaving issue a daughter

3a James Darnley, born 1685, died and buried 1686 Westminster Abbey.

1a Henrietta FitzJames, born circa 1667, married 1stly Henry (Waldegrave), 1st Baron Waldegrave of Chewton (died Jan. 1689/90, aged 28), and had issue (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn., WALDEGRAVE, E.), married 2ndly circa 26 March 1695 Piers (Butler), 3rd Viscount Galmoye (died without male issue 18 June 1740), and died 3 April 1730.

2a Arabella FITZJAMES, a nun, born 1672/3, died 7 Nov. 1704.

3a Katherine Darnley born 1681/2, married 1stly 28 Oct. 1699 James (Annesley), 5th Earl of Anglesey (died without male issue 21 Jan. 1701/2), and had issue (see BURKE’s PEERAGE & BARONETAGE 1999 Edn., NORMANBY, M.), married 2ndly 16 March 1705/6, as his 3rd wife, John Sheffield, Duke of Buckingham and Normanby (died 24 Feb. 1720/1), and died 13 March 1742/3), having had further issue.

James II (who died at St. Germain, 16 Sept. 1701, buried there) was declared by Act of Parliament, 2 Feb. 1689, to have abdicated the Government on 11 Dec. 1688, and, on 13 Feb. 1689, his nephew, William III, Prince of Orange, and his daughter, Mary, were proclaimed King and Queen, as

WILLIAM III AND MARY II, King and Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland. He was born post­humously Sovereign Prince of Orange, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg, at The Hague, 14 Nov. 1650, (see BURKE’s ROYAL FAMILIES OF THE WORLD Vol. 1). Crowned with his wife as joint Sovereigns, 11 April, 1689, married at St. James's Palace, 4 Nov. 1677, QUEEN MARY II, eldest daughter of JAMES II (born at St. James's Palace, 30 April, 1662, died at Kensington, 28 Dec. 1694, buried at West­minster). He died at Kensington, 8 March, 1702 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded. by

His sister-in-law,

ANNE, Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland, and from 6 March, 1707, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland, (2nd daughter of JAMES II), born at St. James's, 6 Feb. 1665, succeeded her brother-in-law, William III, 8 March, 1702, crowned 23 April 1702, married at St. James's Palace, 28 July, 1683, GEORGE, Prince of Denmark, Duke of Cumberland, K.G. (died at Kensington, 28 Oct. 1708, buried at Westminster Abbey), son of Frederick III, King of Denmark and Norway, and had issue,

1a William, Duke of Gloucester, K.G., born 24 July, 1689, died 30 July, 1700.

2a George, born and died 17 April, 1692.

1a Mary, born 2 June, 1685, died 8 Feb. 1686.

2a Anne Sophia, born 12 June, 1686, died. 2 Feb. 1686-7.

3a Mary, born Oct. 1690, died and buried 14 Oct. 1690.

Anne died without surviving issue at Kensington, 1 Aug. 1714 (buried at Westminster Abbey), and was succeeded by her first cousin once removed,